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不小心升级了curl、wget、vim后无法加载，出现：
curl: try 'curl --help' or 'curl --manual' for more information
ld-elf.so.1: /usr/local/bin/curl: Undefined symbol "curl_mime_free"
sudo pkg fetch vim-8.2.3458 Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... Fetching meta.conf: 100%    178 B   0.2kB/s    00:01     Fetching packagesite.pkg: 100%    7 MiB 471.0kB/s    00:16   scp /var/cache/pkg/vim-8.2.2725~b219565139.txz  root@remote:/path/to/destination 我用nc： nc 10.10.0.237 444 < vim-8.2.2725~b219565139.txz pkg add vim-8.2.3458.txz 出现问题： sudo pkg add vim-8.2.2725~b219565139.txz Installing vim-8.2.2725... pkg: vim-8.2.2725 conflicts with xxd-9.1.0984 (installs files into the same place).  Problematic file: /usr/local/bin/xxd Failed to install the following 1 package(s): vim-8.2.2725~b219565139.txz 解决办法： pkg which /usr/local/bin/xxd /usr/local/bin/xxd was installed by package xxd-9.1.0984 sudo pkg delete xxd-9.1.0984 成功安装： sudo pkg add vim-8.2.2725~b219565139.txz Installing vim-8.2.2725... Extracting vim-8.2.2725: 100% sudo pkg fetch wget-1.21 Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... /var/cache/pkg/wget-1.21~c9340e6c10.txz nc -l 444 > curl-7.76.0~ece03d874a.txz nc 10.10.0.237 444 < curl-7.76.0~ece03d874a.txz pkg add curl-7.76.0~ece03d874a.txz



FreeBSD下面检查某程序是不是包的形式安装的命令行：
pkg which /usr/local/bin/python3.9 /usr/local/bin/python3.9 was installed by package python39-3.9.18_2 pkg info -l python39-3.9.18_2 | grep pip pkg info -l mysql81-server-8.1.0|grep my.cnf         /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf.sample pkg info |grep mysql mysql81-client-8.1.0           Multithreaded SQL database (client) mysql81-server-8.1.0           Multithreaded SQL database (server) php83-mysqli-8.3.3             The mysqli shared extension for php service  mysql-server restart

pkg info -l curl|grep curl.h
        /usr/local/include/curl/curl.h
        /usr/local/include/curl/header.h
pkg info -l curl|grep so
        /usr/local/include/curl/websockets.h
        /usr/local/lib/libcurl.so
        /usr/local/lib/libcurl.so.4
        /usr/local/lib/libcurl.so.4.8.0

pkg info #查看BSD系统中安装了哪些pkg包
pkg info lrzsz-0.12.20_4 #查看具体某个包信息
pkg info -l nginx-1.26.2_9,3
nginx-1.26.2_9,3:
        /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params-dist
        /usr/local/etc/nginx/koi-utf
        /usr/local/etc/nginx/koi-win
        /usr/local/etc/nginx/mime.types-dist
        /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf-dist
        /usr/local/etc/nginx/scgi_params-dist
        /usr/local/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params-dist
        /usr/local/etc/nginx/win-utf
        /usr/local/etc/rc.d/nginx
        /usr/local/libexec/nginx/ngx_mail_module.so
        /usr/local/libexec/nginx/ngx_stream_module.so
        /usr/local/sbin/nginx
        /usr/local/share/licenses/nginx-1.26.2_9,3/BSD2CLAUSE
        /usr/local/share/licenses/nginx-1.26.2_9,3/LICENSE
        /usr/local/share/licenses/nginx-1.26.2_9,3/catalog.mk
        /usr/local/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz
        /usr/local/share/vim/vimfiles/ftdetect/nginx.vim
        /usr/local/share/vim/vimfiles/ftplugin/nginx.vim
        /usr/local/share/vim/vimfiles/indent/nginx.vim
        /usr/local/share/vim/vimfiles/syntax/nginx.vim
        /usr/local/www/nginx-dist/50x.html
        /usr/local/www/nginx-dist/EXAMPLE_DIRECTORY-DONT_ADD_OR_TOUCH_ANYTHING
        /usr/local/www/nginx-dist/index.html
pkg info -l lrzsz-0.12.20_4   #查看此包有哪些文件
lrzsz-0.12.20_4:
        /usr/local/bin/lrb
        /usr/local/bin/lrx
        /usr/local/bin/lrz
        /usr/local/bin/lsb
        /usr/local/bin/lsx
        /usr/local/bin/lsz
        /usr/local/man/man1/lrz.1.gz
        /usr/local/man/man1/lsz.1.gz
        /usr/local/share/licenses/lrzsz-0.12.20_4/GPLv2
        /usr/local/share/licenses/lrzsz-0.12.20_4/LICENSE
        /usr/local/share/licenses/lrzsz-0.12.20_4/catalog.mk
        /usr/local/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/lrzsz.mo

据下面的这个文件， /usr/local/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/lrzsz.mo ，反查到到来自：rzsz-0.12.20_4，如下：
pkg which /usr/local/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/lrzsz.mo
/usr/local/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/lrzsz.mo was installed by package lrzsz-0.12.20_4

使用 pkg 包管理器来查找包含 libssl.so.9 的软件包：
pkg search libssl.so.9

删掉一些安装的软件包命令，-f强制：
sudo pkg delete -f <package_name>


好了，解决问题开始下：
pkg which  /usr/lib/libssl.so.9
/usr/lib/libssl.so.9 was not found in the database

sudo pkg install openssl
sudo ldconfig -m /usr/local/lib

root@freebsd-unmp-10-10-0-237:~ # pkg_add -r wget
pkg_add: Command not found.
root@freebsd-unmp-10-10-0-237:~ # pkg install wget
The package management tool is not yet installed on your system.
Do you want to fetch and install it now? [y/N]: y
Bootstrapping pkg from pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD:13:amd64/quarterly, please wait...
Verifying signature with trusted certificate pkg.freebsd.org.2013102301... done
Installing pkg-1.16.3...
Extracting pkg-1.16.3: 100%
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
Fetching meta.conf: 100%    163 B   0.2kB/s    00:01    
Fetching packagesite.txz: 100%    6 MiB 407.3kB/s    00:16    
Processing entries: 100%
FreeBSD repository update completed. 30360 packages processed.
All repositories are up to date.
Updating database digests format: 100%
The following 5 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
        gettext-runtime: 0.21
        indexinfo: 0.3.1
        libidn2: 2.3.0_1
        libunistring: 0.9.10_1
        wget: 1.21

Number of packages to be installed: 5

The process will require 7 MiB more space.
1 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:
摘自：http://www.ittang.com/2008/0309/4832.html
kg install pkg and let it bootstrap / upgrade itself. Then use pkg install foo, etc. pkg_add does not exist anymore, as you've found out.


man pkg
which   Query the database for package(s) that installed a specific file.

pkg which /usr/local/lib/libicuio.so.58
/usr/local/lib/libicuio.so.58 was installed by package icu-58.2_2,1

#pkg which /usr/local/bin/openssl
/usr/local/bin/openssl was installed by package openssl-1.0.2l,1

来自：https://www.howtoing.com/pkg-command-examples-to-manage-packages-in-freebsd


附：从Ports存储库本地下载软件包
为了从Ports存储库本地下载软件包，而不在系统上安装软件包，请使用fetch开关运行pkg命令 。

下载的软件包二进制文件是压缩的.txz文件，可以在/ var / cache / pkg / system路径中找到。

# pkg fetch package_name

作者：jackxiang@向东博客 专注WEB应用 构架之美 --- 构架之美，在于尽态极妍 | 应用之美，在于药到病除
地址：http://jackxiang.com/post/10436/
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