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最近还是在centos官网上找到了，下面的实践没有达到想要的要求。
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.3/os/i386/Packages/gdb-7.2-56.el6.i686.rpm
=========================================================================
root@192.168.137.159:~/software# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.3/os/i386/Packages/gdb-7.2-56.el6.i686.rpm
--2013-04-08 21:55:46--  http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.3/os/i386/Packages/gdb-7.2-56.el6.i686.rpm
正在解析主机 mirror.centos.org... 202.76.233.2
正在连接 mirror.centos.org|202.76.233.2|:80...败：连接超时。
重试中。

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/repodata/repomd.xml
试了N种方法，没法解决，后来发现是因为文件yum.conf里面设置了proxy，注释掉就行了
运行yum clean all清楚缓存

运行yum makecache生成缓存

出现如下错误：

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 7 - "couldn't connect to host"
Trying other mirror.
Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: base. Please verify its path and try again
vi ./etc/yum.conf
proxy=http://10.33.26.112:808

--2013-04-08 21:56:50--  (尝试次数： 2)
......
卡在这儿了。
=========================================================================
得出：是自己虚拟机的配置或网络的缘故，和163的源无太大关系,NAT配置正确，宽带这块好像有限定，对某些域名都无法ping通呀，嗨，什么玩意，想换个联通的ADSL，小宽带运营商这些都太多限定了。
解决办法：直接通过浏览器下载后，通过rz放入centos6.3的系统里，再rpm -ihv gdb-7.2-56.el6.i686.rpm
=========================================================================
写在前面：网易给人感觉有点像中国IT业的脊梁，低调耐用实用实在，其掌门人丁磊在很久前就有这样那样的源开放出来供下载，想法比较特立独行，其颇具执行力，我觉得这也算是作为IT业的一份贡献吧，从这个角度来看就不难想像丁磊去养猪了，呵呵。
背景：家里的vmware里的centos6.3没法安gdb，出现：
root@192.168.137.159:~# yum install gdb Loaded plugins: downloadonly, fastestmirror, presto Determining fastest mirrors Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=i386&repo=os error was 14: PYCURL ERROR 7 - "couldn't connect to host" Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=i386&repo=extras error was 14: PYCURL ERROR 7 - "couldn't connect to host" Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=i386&repo=updates error was 14: PYCURL ERROR 7 - "couldn't connect to host" * base: centos.chlux.co.kr * extras: centos.chlux.co.kr * updates: centos.chlux.co.kr http://centos.chlux.co.kr/6.3/os/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://centos.chlux.co.kr/6.3/os/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: (28, 'connect() timed out!') Trying other mirror. http://centos.mirror.cdnetworks.com/6.3/os/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://centos.mirror.cdnetworks.com/6.3/os/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: (28, 'connect() timed out!') Trying other mirror. http://centos.tt.co.kr/6.3/os/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://centos.tt.co.kr/6.3/os/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: (28, 'connect() timed out!') Trying other mirror. http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.3/os/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 7 - "couldn't connect to host" Trying other mirror.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
配置网易163的yum源

1. 下载repo文件
    下载地址：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

2. 备份并替换系统的repo文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost ~]# mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[root@localhost ~]# mv /root/CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo

3. 执行yum源更新
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
[root@localhost ~]# yum update

4. 到此已结束，用yum安装一下文件，看是否OK
[root@localhost ~]# yum install vim*

5. 安装centos常用的软件包及工具
    常见压缩工具 zip unzip bzip2
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install unzip zip bzip2 bzip2-devel
  gcc gcc++编译器
[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ -y
  cmake编译器
[root@localhost ~]# yum install cmake make -y
  图片资源
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gd libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype-devel
  其它常用资源包工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install autoconf bison automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel*

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CentOS 6.3安装第三方yum源
# wget http://www.atomicorp.com/installers/atomic[/url]
下载完成后执行以下命令

# sh ./atomic
里面涉及到的rpm：http://3es.atomicrocketturtle.com/packages/atomic-release/atomic-release-1.0-16.el6.art.noarch.rpm

1.
cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
然后修改

2.
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-6.3 - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.3&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.3/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-6.3 - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.3&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.3/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-6.3 - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.3&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.3/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-6.3 - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.3&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.3/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-6.3 - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.3&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.3/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
# yum clean all
# yum makecache     #将服务器上的软件包信息缓存到本地,以提高搜索安装软件的速度
# yum install vim*    #测试域名是否可用

检查好后，如果还报错http://mirrorlist.centos.org/解析错误，请检查网络配置是否正确

来自：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-10/72750.htm
http://hi.baidu.com/woniu421/item/09649c18b1ad662ff6625ce0

作者：jackxiang@向东博客 专注WEB应用 构架之美 --- 构架之美，在于尽态极妍 | 应用之美，在于药到病除
地址：http://jackxiang.com/post/6222/
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