php中使用header函数的http头设置及定时刷新页面

jackxiang 2009-10-29 09:59 | |
php定时刷新页面
很简单就这一句:header(“Refresh: 5″); 5代表5秒刷新一次。

但注意:在header()之前不能有任何输出。

网页的缓存是由HTTP消息头中的“Cache-control”来控制的,常见的取值有private、no-cache、max-age、must-revalidate等,默认为private。其作用根据不同的重新浏览方式分为以下几种情况:


(1) 打开新窗口
值为private、no-cache、must-revalidate,那么打开新窗口访问时都会重新访问服务器。
而如果指定了max-age值,那么在此值内的时间里就不会重新访问服务器,例如:
Cache-control: max-age=5(表示当访问此网页后的5秒内再次访问不会去服务器)

(2) 在地址栏回车
值为private或must-revalidate则只有第一次访问时会访问服务器,以后就不再访问。
值为no-cache,那么每次都会访问。
值为max-age,则在过期之前不会重复访问。

(3) 按后退按扭
值为private、must-revalidate、max-age,则不会重访问,
值为no-cache,则每次都重复访问

(4) 按刷新按扭
无论为何值,都会重复访问

Cache-control值为“no-cache”时,访问此页面不会在Internet临时文章夹留下页面备份。

另外,通过指定“Expires”值也会影响到缓存。例如,指定Expires值为一个早已过去的时间,那么访问此网时若重复在地址栏按回车,那么每次都会重复访问: Expires: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 16:00:00 GMT

比如:禁止页面在IE中缓存

http响应消息头部设置:

CacheControl = no-cache
Pragma=no-cache
Expires = -1

Expires是个好东东,如果服务器上的网页经常变化,就把它设置为-1,表示立即过期。如果一个网页每天凌晨1点更新,可以把Expires设置为第二天的凌晨1点。

当HTTP1.1服务器指定CacheControl = no-cache时,浏览器就不会缓存该网页。

旧式 HTTP 1.0 服务器不能使用 Cache-Control 标题。
所以为了向后兼容 HTTP 1.0 服务器,IE使用Pragma:no-cache 标题对 HTTP 提供特殊支持。
如果客户端通过安全连接 (https://)与服务器通讯,且服务器在响应中返回 Pragma:no-cache 标题,
则 Internet Explorer不会缓存此响应。注意:Pragma:no-cache 仅当在安全连接中使用时才防止缓存,如果在非安全页中使用,处理方式与 Expires:-1相同,该页将被缓存,但被标记为立即过期
header常用指令
header分为三部分:
第一部分为HTTP协议的版本(HTTP-Version);
第二部分为状态代码(Status);
第三部分为原因短语(Reason-Phrase)。

// fix 404 pages: 用这个header指令来解决URL重写产生的404 header

<?php
header(’HTTP/1.1 200 OK’);

// set 404 header: 页面没找到
header(’HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found’);

//页面被永久删除,可以告诉搜索引擎更新它们的urls
// set Moved Permanently header (good for redrictions)
// use with location header
header(’HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently’);

// 访问受限
header(’HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden’);

// 服务器错误
header(’HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error’);

// 重定向到一个新的位置
// redirect to a new location:
header(’Location: http://www.example.org/‘);

延迟一段时间后重定向
// redrict with delay:
header(’Refresh: 10; url=http://www.example.org/’);
print ‘You will be redirected in 10 seconds’;

// 覆盖 X-Powered-By value
// override X-Powered-By: PHP:
header(’X-Powered-By: PHP/4.4.0′);
header(’X-Powered-By: Brain/0.6b’);

// 内容语言 (en = English)
// content language (en = English)
header(’Content-language: en’);

//最后修改时间(在缓存的时候可以用到)
// last modified (good for caching)
$time = time() – 60; // or filemtime($fn), etc
header(’Last-Modified: ‘.gmdate(’D, d M Y H:i:s’, $time).’ GMT’);

// 告诉浏览器要获取的内容还没有更新
// header for telling the browser that the content
// did not get changed
header(’HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified’);

// 设置内容的长度 (缓存的时候可以用到):
// set content length (good for caching):
header(’Content-Length: 1234′);

// 用来下载文件:
// Headers for an download:
header(’Content-Type: application/octet-stream’);
header(’Content-Dis; filename=”example.zip”‘);
header(’Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary’);

// 禁止缓存当前文档:
// load the file to send:readfile(’example.zip’);
// Disable caching of the current document:
header(’Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate’);
header(’Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT’);

// 设置内容类型:
// Date in the pastheader(’Pragma: no-cache’);
// set content type:
header(’Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1′);
header(’Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8′);
header(’Content-Type: text/plain’);

// plain text file
header(’Content-Type: image/jpeg’);

// JPG picture
header(’Content-Type: application/zip’);

// ZIP file
header(’Content-Type: application/pdf’);

// PDF file
header(’Content-Type: audio/mpeg’);

// Audio MPEG (MP3,…) file
header(’Content-Type: application/x-shockwave-flash’);

// 显示登录对话框,可以用来进行HTTP认证
// Flash animation// show sign in box
header(’HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized’);
header(’WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=”Top Secret”‘);
print ‘Text that will be displayed if the user hits cancel or ‘;
print ‘enters wrong login data’;

?>

附上type :


<?php

$mimetypes = array(

'ez' => 'application/andrew-inset',

'hqx' => 'application/mac-binhex40',

'cpt' => 'application/mac-compactpro',

'doc' => 'application/msword',

'bin' => 'application/octet-stream',

'dms' => 'application/octet-stream',

'lha' => 'application/octet-stream',

'lzh' => 'application/octet-stream',

'exe' => 'application/octet-stream',

'class' => 'application/octet-stream',

'so' => 'application/octet-stream',

'dll' => 'application/octet-stream',

'oda' => 'application/oda',

'pdf' => 'application/pdf',

'ai' => 'application/postscript',

'eps' => 'application/postscript',

'ps' => 'application/postscript',

'smi' => 'application/smil',

'smil' => 'application/smil',

'mif' => 'application/vnd.mif',

'xls' => 'application/vnd.ms-excel',

'ppt' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',

'wbxml' => 'application/vnd.wap.wbxml',

'wmlc' => 'application/vnd.wap.wmlc',

'wmlsc' => 'application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc',

'bcpio' => 'application/x-bcpio',

'vcd' => 'application/x-cdlink',

'pgn' => 'application/x-chess-pgn',

'cpio' => 'application/x-cpio',

'csh' => 'application/x-csh',

'dcr' => 'application/x-director',

'dir' => 'application/x-director',

'dxr' => 'application/x-director',

'dvi' => 'application/x-dvi',

'spl' => 'application/x-futuresplash',

'gtar' => 'application/x-gtar',

'hdf' => 'application/x-hdf',

'js' => 'application/x-javascript',

'skp' => 'application/x-koan',

'skd' => 'application/x-koan',

'skt' => 'application/x-koan',

'skm' => 'application/x-koan',

'latex' => 'application/x-latex',

'nc' => 'application/x-netcdf',

'cdf' => 'application/x-netcdf',

'sh' => 'application/x-sh',

'shar' => 'application/x-shar',

'swf' => 'application/x-shockwave-flash',

'sit' => 'application/x-stuffit',

'sv4cpio' => 'application/x-sv4cpio',

'sv4crc' => 'application/x-sv4crc',

'tar' => 'application/x-tar',

'tcl' => 'application/x-tcl',

'tex' => 'application/x-tex',

'texinfo' => 'application/x-texinfo',

'texi' => 'application/x-texinfo',

't' => 'application/x-troff',

'tr' => 'application/x-troff',

'roff' => 'application/x-troff',

'man' => 'application/x-troff-man',

'me' => 'application/x-troff-me',

'ms' => 'application/x-troff-ms',

'ustar' => 'application/x-ustar',

'src' => 'application/x-wais-source',

'xhtml' => 'application/xhtml+xml',

'xht' => 'application/xhtml+xml',

'zip' => 'application/zip',

'au' => 'audio/basic',

'snd' => 'audio/basic',

'mid' => 'audio/midi',

'midi' => 'audio/midi',

'kar' => 'audio/midi',

'mpga' => 'audio/mpeg',

'mp2' => 'audio/mpeg',

'mp3' => 'audio/mpeg',

'aif' => 'audio/x-aiff',

'aiff' => 'audio/x-aiff',

'aifc' => 'audio/x-aiff',

'm3u' => 'audio/x-mpegurl',

'ram' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',

'rm' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',

'rpm' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin',

'ra' => 'audio/x-realaudio',

'wav' => 'audio/x-wav',

'pdb' => 'chemical/x-pdb',

'xyz' => 'chemical/x-xyz',

'bmp' => 'image/bmp',

'gif' => 'image/gif',

'ief' => 'image/ief',

'jpeg' => 'image/jpeg',

'jpg' => 'image/jpeg',

'jpe' => 'image/jpeg',

'png' => 'image/png',

'tiff' => 'image/tiff',

'tif' => 'image/tiff',

'djvu' => 'image/vnd.djvu',

'djv' => 'image/vnd.djvu',

'wbmp' => 'image/vnd.wap.wbmp',

'ras' => 'image/x-cmu-raster',

'pnm' => 'image/x-portable-anymap',

'pbm' => 'image/x-portable-bitmap',

'pgm' => 'image/x-portable-graymap',

'ppm' => 'image/x-portable-pixmap',

'rgb' => 'image/x-rgb',

'xbm' => 'image/x-xbitmap',

'xpm' => 'image/x-xpixmap',

'xwd' => 'image/x-xwindowdump',

'igs' => 'model/iges',

'iges' => 'model/iges',

'msh' => 'model/mesh',

'mesh' => 'model/mesh',

'silo' => 'model/mesh',

'wrl' => 'model/vrml',

'vrml' => 'model/vrml',

'css' => 'text/css',

'html' => 'text/html',

'htm' => 'text/html',

'asc' => 'text/plain',

'txt' => 'text/plain',

'rtx' => 'text/richtext',

'rtf' => 'text/rtf',

'sgml' => 'text/sgml',

'sgm' => 'text/sgml',

'tsv' => 'text/tab-separated-values',

'wml' => 'text/vnd.wap.wml',

'wmls' => 'text/vnd.wap.wmlscript',

'etx' => 'text/x-setext',

'xsl' => 'text/xml',

'xml' => 'text/xml',

'mpeg' => 'video/mpeg',

'mpg' => 'video/mpeg',

'mpe' => 'video/mpeg',

'qt' => 'video/quicktime',

'mov' => 'video/quicktime',

'mxu' => 'video/vnd.mpegurl',

'avi' => 'video/x-msvideo',

'movie' => 'video/x-sgi-movie',

'ice' => 'x-conference/x-cooltalk',

);
?>



作者:jackxiang@向东博客 专注WEB应用 构架之美 --- 构架之美,在于尽态极妍 | 应用之美,在于药到病除
地址:https://jackxiang.com/post/2132/
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最后编辑: jackxiang 编辑于2012-8-31 19:23
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