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ls 命令可以说是Linux下最常用的命令之一。它有众多的选项，其中有很多是很有用的，你是否熟悉呢？下面列出了 ls 命令的绝大多数选项。

-a 列出目录下的所有文件，包括以 . 开头的隐含文件。
-b 把文件名中不可输出的字符用反斜杠加字符编号(就象在C语言里一样)的形式列出。
-c 输出文件的 i 节点的修改时间，并以此排序。
-d 将目录象文件一样显示，而不是显示其下的文件。
-e 输出时间的全部信息，而不是输出简略信息。
-f -U 对输出的文件不排序。
-g 无用。
-i 输出文件的 i 节点的索引信息。
-k 以 k 字节的形式表示文件的大小。
-l 列出文件的详细信息。
-m 横向输出文件名，并以“，”作分格符。
-n 用数字的 UID,GID 代替名称。
-o 显示文件的除组信息外的详细信息。
-p -F 在每个文件名后附上一个字符以说明该文件的类型，“*”表示可执行的普通
文件；“/”表示目录；“@”表示符号链接；“|”表示FIFOs；“=”表示套
接字(sockets)。
-q 用?代替不可输出的字符。
-r 对目录反向排序。
-s 在每个文件名后输出该文件的大小。
-t 以时间排序。
-u 以文件上次被访问的时间排序。
-x 按列输出，横向排序。
-A 显示除 “.”和“..”外的所有文件。
-B 不输出以 “~”结尾的备份文件。
-C 按列输出，纵向排序。
-G 输出文件的组的信息。
-L 列出链接文件名而不是链接到的文件。
-N 不限制文件长度。
-Q 把输出的文件名用双引号括起来。
-R 列出所有子目录下的文件。
-S 以文件大小排序。
-X 以文件的扩展名(最后一个 . 后的字符)排序。
-1 一行只输出一个文件。
--color=no 不显示彩色文件名
--help 在标准输出上显示帮助信息。
--version 在标准输出上输出版本信息并退出。

[linuxer@localhost ~]$ man ls
LS(1)                            User Commands                           LS(1)

NAME
       ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabeti-
       cally if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -a, --all
              do not ignore entries starting with .

       -A, --almost-all
              do not list implied . and ..

       --author
              with -l, print the author of each file

       -b, --escape
              print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

       --block-size=SIZE
              use SIZE-byte blocks

       -B, --ignore-backups
              do not list implied entries ending with ~

       -c     with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status informa-
              tion) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime

       -C     list entries by columns

       --color[=WHEN]
              control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN may be ‘never’, ‘always’,
              or ‘auto’

       -d, --directory
              list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links

       -D, --dired
              generate output designed for Emacs’ dired mode

       -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

       -F, --classify
              append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

       --file-type
              likewise, except do not append ‘*’

       --format=WORD
              across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

       --full-time
              like -l --time-style=full-iso

       -g     like -l, but do not list owner

       -G, --no-group
              like -l, but do not list group

       -h, --human-readable
              with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -H, --dereference-command-line
              follow symbolic links listed on the command line

       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
              follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory

       --hide=PATTERN
              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)

       --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
              none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)

       -i, --inode
              with -l, print the index number of each file

       -I, --ignore=PATTERN
              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

       -k     like --block-size=1K

       -l     use a long listing format

       -L, --dereference
              when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the
              link references rather than for the link itself

       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
              like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs

       -N, --literal
              print raw entry names (don’t treat e.g. control characters specially)

       -o     like -l, but do not list group information

       -p, --indicator-style=slash
              append / indicator to directories

       -q, --hide-control-chars
              print ? instead of non graphic characters

       --show-control-chars
              show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is ‘ls’ and output is a termi-
              nal)

       -Q, --quote-name
              enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD
              use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape

       -r, --reverse
              reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive
              list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size
              with -l, print size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size

       --sort=WORD
              extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v, status -c, time -t, atime -u,
              access -u, use -u

       --time=WORD
              with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or
              status; use specified time as sort key if --sort=time

       --time-style=STYLE
              with -l, show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT. FORMAT
              is interpreted like ‘date’; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
              non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with ‘posix-’, STYLE
              takes effect only outside the POSIX locale

       -t     sort by modification time

       -T, --tabsize=COLS
              assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name oth-
              erwise: sort by access time

       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

       -v     sort by version

       -w, --width=COLS
              assume screen width instead of current value

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -1     list one file per line

       SELinux options:

       --lcontext
              Display security context.   Enable -l. Lines will probably be too wide for most dis-
              plays.

       -Z, --context
              Display security context so it fits on most displays. Displays only mode, user, group,
              security context and file name.

       --scontext
              Display only security context and file name.

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following: kB 1000, K 1024, MB
       1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.

       By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is equivalent to using
       --color=none. Using the --color option without the optional WHEN argument is equivalent to
       using --color=always.   With --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is
       connected to a terminal (tty). The environment variable LS_COLORS can influence the colors,
       and can be set easily by the dircolors command.

       Exit status is 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems, 2 if serious trouble.

AUTHOR
       Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of the GNU General
       Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent
       permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       The full documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and ls programs
       are properly installed at your site, the command

              info ls

       should give you access to the complete manual.

ls 5.97                            June 2006                             LS(1)

来源：http://apps.hi.baidu.com/share/detail/464176

作者：jackxiang@向东博客 专注WEB应用 构架之美 --- 构架之美，在于尽态极妍 | 应用之美，在于药到病除
地址：https://jackxiang.com/post/3890/
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