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大家都说Nginx比Apache要快，那为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux 2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。

　　处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：

　　假设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。

FreeBSD7.2l架设nginx+php+zend
本文用ports安装方式
1、安装php5
cd /usr/ports/lang/php
make config
[X] CLI Build CLI version
[X] CGI Build CGI version
[ ] APACHE Build Apache module
[ ] DEBUG Enable debug
[X] SUHOSIN Enable Suhosin protection system (not for jails)
[X] MULTIBYTE Enable zend multibyte support
[ ] IPV6 Enable ipv6 support
[ ] REDIRECT Enable force-cgi-redirect support (CGI only)
[ ] DISCARD Enable discard-path support (CGI only)
[X] FASTCGI Enable fastcgi support (CGI only)
[X] PATHINFO Enable path-info-check support (CGI only)
然先执行安装
make install clean
cp /usr/local/etc/php.ini-dist /usr/local/etc/php.ini

2、安装php5-extensions
cd /usr/ports/lang/php5-extensions
make config
[X] BCMATH bc style precision math functions
[X] BZ2 bzip2 library support
[X] CALENDAR calendar conversion support
[X] CTYPE ctype functions
[X] CURL CURL support
[ ] DBA dba support
[ ] DBASE dBase library support
[X] DOM DOM support
[X] EXIF EXIF support
[X] FILEINFO fileinfo support
[X] FRIBIDI FriBidi support
[ ] FTP FTP support
[X] GD GD library support
[X] GETTEXT gettext library support
[ ] GMP GNU MP support
[X] HASH HASH Message Digest Framework
[X] ICONV iconv support
[ ] IMAP IMAP support
[ ] INTERBASE Interbase 6 database support (Firebird)
[X] JSON JavaScript Object Serialization support
[ ] LDAP OpenLDAP support
[X] MBSTRING multibyte string support
[X] MCRYPT Encryption support
[X] MHASH Crypto-hashing support
[X] MING ming shockwave flash support
[ ] MSSQL MS-SQL database support
[X] MYSQL MySQL database support
[ ] MYSQLI MySQLi database support
[X] NCURSES ncurses support (CLI only)
[ ] ODBC unixODBC support
[ ] OPENSSL OpenSSL support
[X] PCNTL pcntl support (CLI only)
[X] PCRE Perl Compatible Regular Expression support
[ ] PDF PDFlib support (implies GD)
[X] PDO PHP Data Objects Interface (PDO)
[X] PDO_SQLITE PDO sqlite driver
[ ] PGSQL PostgreSQL database support
[ ] POSIX POSIX-like functions
[X] PSPELL pspell support
[X] READLINE readline support (CLI only)
[X] RECODE recode support
[X] SESSION session support
[X] SHMOP shmop support
[X] SIMPLEXML simplexml support
[ ] SNMP SNMP support
[X] SOAP SOAP support
[X] SOCKETS sockets support
[X] SPL Standard PHP Library
[ ] SQLITE sqlite support
[X] SYBASE_CT Sybase database support
[ ] SYSVMSG System V message support
[ ] SYSVSEM System V semaphore support
[ ] SYSVSHM System V shared memory support
[X] TIDY TIDY support
[X] TOKENIZER tokenizer support
[ ] WDDX WDDX support (implies XML)
[X] XML XML support
[X] XMLREADER XMLReader support
[ ] XMLRPC XMLRPC-EPI support
[X] XMLWRITER XMLWriter support
[ ] XSL XSL support (Implies DOM)
[ ] YAZ YAZ support (ANSI/NISO Z39.50)
[ ] ZIP ZIP support
[X] ZLIB ZLIB support
make install clean

3、安装ZendOptimizer
上传zend使用源码包方式安装
解压
tra -zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-freebsd6.0-i386.tar.gz
cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-freebsd6.0-i386
使用命令行方式安装并先运行以下ln的内容，以免安装出错。
ln -s /usr/lib/libc.so /usr/lib/libc.so.6
ln -s /usr/lib/libcrypt.so /usr/lib/libcrypt.so.3
ln -s /usr/lib/libutil.so /usr/lib/libutil.so.5
ln -s /usr/lib/libm.so /usr/lib/libm.so.4
./install-tty
安装过程中的提示全默认就可以，到apache web server选no

4、安装lighttpd
make config
去掉所有选项不需要配置lighttpd任何东西只为得到fastcgi支持php
cd /usr/ports/www/lighttpd/
make install clean

5、安装nginx
cd /usr/ports/www/nginx
make config
选上所有与http有关的其它去掉
make install clean
在/etc/rc.conf中加入以下内容以使spawn-fcgi开机自启动
/usr/local/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -u www -g www -C 4 -f /usr/local/bin/php-cgi
为了使SCRIPT_FILENAME 有效，更改php.ini里面的cgi.fix_pathinfo=1；

配置nginx.conf
ee /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
---------------------------------------------------
#user nobody;
user www;
worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;


events {
worker_connections 1024;
}


http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
# '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

#access_log logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;

#gzip on;

server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {
root /usr/local/www/nginx;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/local/www/nginx-dist;
}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME //usr/local/www/nginx$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}


# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;

# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}


# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;

# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
# ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}

}
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作者：jackxiang@向东博客 专注WEB应用 构架之美 --- 构架之美，在于尽态极妍 | 应用之美，在于药到病除
地址：http://jackxiang.com/post/1973/
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